Friday, January 18, 2013

History of the Nobel, Alfred Nobel and the creation of the awards, Part 2

3• In Physiology or Medicine: "The faculty members of the Royal Institute of Medical-Surgical Carolino (Kugl-Karolinska Institutet) in Stockholm, the members of the medical section of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences;  persons who are holders of the Nobel Prize in Medicine, the members of the medical schools of the universities of Uppsala, Lund, Oslo, Copenhagen and Helsingfors (Helsinki), the members of six medical schools, at least, appointed by the faculty in order to conveniently share the task with others countries and their chairs, and those scientists who are required to do so by the Karolinska Institute."

4• In Literature: "Members of the Swedish Academy and similar academies French and Spanish, the members of the institutions and societies that have category literary academies, and university professors of aesthetics, literature and history."

And in the work of Peace: "The current and former members of the Nobel Committee of the Norwegian Parliament, the advisers appointed by the Norwegian Nobel Institute, members of national legislatures and governments of different countries, members of the Parliamentary Association, the International Court The Hague, the Committee of the Permanent International Bureau of Peace, the members and partners of the International Law Institute in Paris,  the University professors who hold chairs of law, history and philosophy and people who have received the Nobel Prize Peace.

5• The awards are presented every December 10, commemorating the death of Nobel, in the premises of the institutions that offer them. The first ceremonies were held on December 10, 1901, the initial year of the twentieth century and they were delivered to the Physical Sciences Wilhem K.Röntgen, of Germany, for his discovery of X-rays, also called Röntgen rays, the Chemical Sciences to Jacobus H.vant Hoff, of the Netherlands, for his great contributions tothe fundamentals of stereochemistry and the theory of osmotic pressure,  the Physiology or Medicine Emil A.von Behring, Germany, for their discoveries of diphtheria and tetanus sera, the latter in collaboration with Kitasato Shibasaburo Japanese scholar, the Literature to Sully-Prudhomme René FA, France, poet, essayist and thinker for his total work the Peace of Jean Henri Dunant, Swiss, by the founding of the International Red Cross and Frédéric Pass ,​​France , by the foundation, with others, of the International League of Peace and the French Society of Arbitration between Nations.
Four years later, on December 10, 1905, in Storthingor Norwegian Parliament in Oslo, the chairman of the Nobel Peace Prize gave the award to Bertha Kinsky, Baroness von Suttner, for his novel "Down weapons ", their important work in favor of peace among peoples and the founding of the German Society for Peace, perhaps the most influential person in the minds of the Swedish scholar for the establishment of the award.

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